GGB The supply chain and the cost base. Halal sourcing, imported ingredients, and different landed costs mean the same recipe can carry a very different food-cost percentage at local prices — so hero items usually need re-engineering to sit back inside a typical 28–32% food-cost band. Spice calibration, portion formats and the delivery share of demand shift too. The concept transfers; the exact product rarely does untouched.
From Franchising from India to the GCC: The Corridor Readiness Guide — the full reading, with the method behind this answer.